Paying respects to teenager William Hall, killed at Antietam

Lonnie Schorer cleans the marker of her ancestor, 11th Connecticut Private William Hall, 
in Chaplin, Conn. (Photos courtesy of Lonnie Schorer)

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At the Battle of Antietam, scores of teenagers on both sides became casualties.

Shot through the side, George Crosby died of his wounds at his parents' house in Middle Haddam, Conn. The 14th Connecticut lieutenant, a student at Wesleyan University, was only 19. Marvin Wait, a 19-year-old lieutenant in the 8th Connecticut, was riddled with bullets and killed near Harpers Ferry Road. "His death brings a peculiar and poignant sorrow," noted his hometown newspaper, The Norwich (Conn.) Daily Bulletin.

Somehow Dwight Carey of Canterbury, Conn. — killed at Antietam — persuaded his parents to allow him to join the Union Army. He was 15. Wrote his local newspaper:

"In September, 1861, while yet but fifteen years of age he entered the service of the United States, as a private, in the Eighth Regiment, Connecticut Volunteers. This act originated in no rash, impulsive enthusiasm, impatient of restraint and headstrong for excitement and novelty, but was the result of calm discussion with his parents and friends, who unwillingly gave their assent on account of his extreme youth."

The 11th Connecticut suffered 139 casualties during
its attack at Burnsde Bridge on the
morning of Sept. 17, 1862.
(Library of Congress collection)

A private in the 11th Connecticut, Daniel Tarbox suffered a wound through the abdomen at Burnside Bridge. The 18-year-old died the next day.

William H. Hall, Daniel's comrade in the 11th Connecticut, was also killed at Antietam, almost certainly in the attack at Burnside Bridge. It's unclear if his body, like the remains of Tarbox, made it back to Connecticut or if the 17-year-old rests in the national cemetery in Sharpsburg, Md., or elsewhere. Years ago, I found a marker for Hall in Bedlam Road Cemetery in rural Chaplin, Conn. Tree branches, weeds, briars and grime covered his slate-gray, state-issued stone. 

In 2016, Antietam guide William Sagle told me about a battlefield tour with a descendant of a soldier from Connecticut. He wondered if I knew the soldier's name.

"Ever hear of William Hall?

"He was killed at Antietam. His descendant really wants to find his grave."

"There," I said, "is your William Hall." I pointed to a post on my iPhone.

And so I started corresponding via e-mail and over the phone with Hall's descendant, former Connecticut resident Lonnie Schorer, who lives in Virginia. It was a  moving experience for her to stand by the 11th Connecticut monument, near Burnside Bridge, and see Hall's name etched on the granite marker among others killed there. I explained that William may not be buried in Chaplin and told what little I knew of her ancestor. No image of the private or wartime correspondence from Hall are known to exist.

On a trip to Connecticut in 2016, Schorer and her husband Dave stopped at Bedlam Road Cemetery. Using toothbrushes, water and determination, they cleaned Hall's out-of-the-way marker. Swarms of mosquitoes couldn't spoil the moment or the view of the cemetery grounds dotted with wildflowers. .

"We had our own Memorial Day service when we finished," Schorer told me, "thanking William for his courage and his life — and letting him know that his family remembers."

A close-up of William Hall's marker in Bedlam Road Cemetery in Chaplin, Conn.

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Antietam Up Close: Examining damage at Roulette farm

William Roulette lived here with his wife and five children in 1862.  Renowned Civil War
photographer Alexander Gardner took this image. (Library of Congress collection)
CLICK ON IMAGE TO ENLARGE.

On Sept. 19 or 20, 1862, days after the Battle of Antietam, Alexander Gardner set up his bulky camera equipment in a field on William Roulette's farm to shoot a stereoview of the farmer's house. At the top of this post is a glass plate of the right half of that image, available in .jpeg and TIFF formats on the Library of Congress Civil War site. Enlargements of the image reveal much detail, including the destruction wrought by the armies.

Broken fence rails may be seen near Roulette's house as well as in back of it in the field at the far left. Although damage from rifle and artillery fire is not apparent in the image of the farmhouse, accounts note that the house was struck many times. According to this 1891 account, "one huge shell tore through the west side, a little above the floor, and going through the parlor in an upward course passed through the ceiling and a wall beyond and fell harmless among a heap of rubbish it had created."

Roulette's house, shown here in an interactive panorama that I shot in the spring, and nearby barn were used as field hospitals during and after the battle. The rug in Roulette's parlor was so soaked with blood that it later had to be washed in nearby Antietam Creek.

Although his house and property were considerably damaged during the Battle of Antietam,
William Roulette was never compensated by the Federal government. This is an enlargement
of the Alexander Gardner image above.  (CLICK ON IMAGE TO ENLARGE.)

In an enlargement below, what appears to be overturned, white-washed wooden crates are in front of west side of Roulette's house. These may be the bee hives that are mentioned in many accounts of the battle. As the rookie 132nd Pennsylvania crossed this ground, the hives were overturned, perhaps by Confederate fire, causing great confusion as the enraged insects swarmed around the soldiers.

The Union army's II Corps, including the 14th Connecticut,  swept across Roulette's property to attack the center of the Rebels' line at nearby Bloody Lane. What may be farm animals, perhaps cows, appear in an enlargement at the very bottom of this post.

Roulette's property was stripped of anything that could be used to fuel the Union army, including livestock, so the enlargement may not show what I think. Months after the battle, Roulette submitted a lengthy itemized list to the U.S. government requesting compensation for damage the battle had caused to his property. One item found on the list: “Beehives + Bees = $8.00."

An enlargement of Gardner's image shows what may be Roulette's beehives, which were
overturned during the battle. The bees swarmed over soldiers in the 132nd Pennsylvania,
causing great confusion. 

In another enlargement of Gardner's image, broken fence rails, undoubtedly caused
 by soldiers, can be seen in the distance.  (CLICK ON IMAGE TO ENLARGE.)

Antietam: Lieutenant George Crosby's 'return' home

George Crosby's funeral service was held at Christ Episcopal Church on Oct. 24, 1862.

The stained-glass windows at Christ Episcopal Church in
Middle Haddam, Conn.., have nautical  themes.

In an account in the Middletown, Conn., newspaper, George Crosby's funeral service at the Episcopal church in Middle Haddam, Conn., on Oct. 24, 1862, was described as "one of the largest funerals ever attended in that place." A lieutenant in the 14th Connecticut, Crosby was wounded at Antietam and died at the home of his parents, a few hundred yards up the road from Christ Episcopal Church.

And so it was an eerie experience Saturday when I gave a Civil War talk in the very church where Crosby was eulogized. As I did at Antietam a little more than two weeks ago, I photographed Crosby's placard, this time outside the church where friends, family and the president of Wesleyan University gathered for the former Wesleyan student's funeral more than 150 years ago. (After my talk, I gave his placard to the current owners of the house where Crosby died.)

The interior of the little church, restored years ago, still maintains its old character. Middle Haddam was home to many ship captains, who plied their trade on the nearby Connecticut River. The ceiling of the Episcopal church that many of them attended is shaped like the bottom of the hull of a ship and the stained-glass windows have nautical themes.

Interior of church where George Crosby's funeral service was held in 1862.

After he was wounded at Antietam, George Crosby was operated on in this spring house
on William Roulette's farm. Crosby died 37 days later.

Antietam: Soldier chit-chat in Middle Haddam, Connecticut

Christ Episcopal Church in Middle Haddam, Conn.

If you're in Middle Haddam, Conn., on Saturday afternoon (and really, why wouldn't you be?), you should stop by Christ Episcopal Church at 66 Middle Haddam Road for my talk about Connecticut soldiers who fought at the Battle of Antietam. The event starts at 2 p.m. The historic church is where services were held on October 24, 1862 for George Crosby, a 19-year-old lieutenant in the 14th Connecticut, who was mortally wounded at Antietam. Crosby is buried across the road from the church, in Union Hill Cemetery. He died at the house of his parents in Middle Haddam 37 days after the battle. Check out the trailer for the talk above.

Antietam: Where Connecticut soldiers met their demise

JARVIS BLINN, 14th CONNECTICUT CAPTAIN:
From New Britain, Conn., he was shot through the heart and died on William Roulette's farm.
The Roulette farmhouse is in the background. (CLICK ON IMAGE TO ENLARGE.)

In the fall, Central Connecticut State professor Matt Warshauer, co-chairperson of Connecticut's Civil War Commemoration Commission, his wife Wanda and I teamed to produce placards of the state's soldiers who were killed or mortally wounded at the Battle of Antietam. Perhaps you saw them staked in the ground at the Wickham Park encampment in Manchester in late September or at another Civil War event in the state. During a research visit to Antietam on Sunday, I remembered that I had a set of the placards in my car trunk, so I had an idea: How cool would it be to take each to the site on the battlefield where each soldier was killed or mortally wounded and photograph it?

As long as I removed the placards from the field when finished, the National Park Service had no problem with it. So Antietam battlefield guide Bill Sagle, an  ultra-enthusiastic student of the battle, and I traipsed the muddy field for three hours, gauging where each soldier met his demise and setting up the placards to photograph. Conditions were nearly perfect, with little wind and blue skies, for me to shoot images with my iPhone 4S.

I shot the photos of Captain Jarvis Blinn, Lieutenant George Crosby and Captain Jarvis Blinn in this post before I set off for the National Archives in Washington on Monday morning, just as the sun peeked through the clouds. If you're looking to honor Civil War soldiers in your town, you may wish to emulate the placard idea, a low-cost, low-tech  and educational initiative. I'll post the remainder of these Antietam images later this week.

GEORGE CROSBY, 14th CONNECTICUT LIEUTENANT:
From Middle Haddam, Conn., Crosby was mortally wounded on the William Roulette farm. He
had surgery in the Roulette spring house in the background. (CLICK ON IMAGE TO ENLARGE.)

JOHN GRISWOLD, 11th CONNECTICUT CAPTAIN:
From Old Lyme, Conn., he was mortally wounded while crossing Antietam Creek.
near Burnside Bridge. (CLICK ON IMAGE TO ENLARGE.)

FREDERICK BARBER: 16th CONNECTICUT CAPTAIN:
From Manchester, Conn., Barber was mortally wounded in the 40-acre Cornfield.
(CLICK ON IMAGE TO ENLARGE.)

Antietam: Remembering Lieutenant George Crosby

Close-up of George Crosby's memorial marker. Only 19 years old, he was mortally wounded
 at the Battle of Antietam. He died at the home of his parents in Middle Haddam, Conn.
(CLICK ON IMAGE TO ENLARGE.)

Crosby's gravestone at Union Hill Cemetery in East Hampton, Conn.

After a trip to Middletown, Conn., this morning (loved the Working Man's Special at O'Rourke's Diner!), I crossed the Connecticut River to pay my respects to George Crosby, a 19-year-old lieutenant in the 14th Connecticut, who was mortally wounded at the Battle of Antietam.

George Crosby's memorial and gravestone 
at Union Hill Cemetery  in East Hampton, Conn.

Judging from the two stones placed atop his gravestone at Union Hill Cemetery in East Hampton, there were recent visitors. And it was gratifying that someone had printed out images of Crosby from my blog, placed them in a protective cover and mounted them on a piece of wood that was stuck in the ground just to the right of his plain, gray marker. Crosby's brownstone memorial marker, just a few steps behind his gravestone, badly needs some TLC. Green lichen have obscured some of the wording on the front of the marker and a large crack down the left side must be repaired.

Crosby's marker isn't as damaged as 16th Connecticut captain Newton Manross', but a few more Connecticut winters could take a terrible toll. Like so many other young men who suffered at Antietam, this kid deserves to be remembered. Perhaps we can marshal a few folks to clean up his memorial in time for the 150th anniversary of his death on Oct. 22. Struck by a bullet that sliced through his side and punctured his lungs, Crosby died 37 days after Antietam at the home of his parents in Middle Haddam.

"From the beginning of the battle till he received his death wound, he fought nobly, encouraging his men and leading them on," the Middletown Constitution reported on Oct. 29, 1862. "And for a half hour after he was wounded, while he lay helpless on the ground, without regarding his own condition, he kept constantly exhorting his comrades to do their duty."

Crosby's image appears in the 1865 Wesleyan University album. 

Civil War tragedy: Deaths of the Hollister brothers

Gravestone for brothers Francis and Frederick Hollister, privates in the
 14th Connecticut  who died on the same day in December 1862. 

The Hollister brothers died at Falmouth, Va., across the
 Rappahannock River from Fredericksburg.

An old G.A.R. marker, apparently placed near the grave decades ago, and
 a faded flag next to  the brothers' gravestone in Union Hill Cemetery
 in East Hampton, Conn..

The brothers' well-worn marble gravestone, a half-step from a weathered, white picket fence in ancient Union Hill Cemetery in East Hampton, Conn., is probably seldom visited.

An old metal Grand Army of the Republic (G.A.R.) marker, a telltale sign of a Civil War grave, and a faded American flag are embedded in the ground immediately in front of their white marker, splotched black by the elements over 15 decades.

A tiny, tattered piece of another flag, apparently placed near the grave months or perhaps even years before, rests in the grass in back of the gravestone.

The brothers' gravestone is next to a weathered, 
white picket fence.

I wonder if the family in the small, yellow house, a stone's throw over the picket fence, knows the sad story of the Hollister brothers, the young men noted on the gravestone, who tragically died two days before Christmas nearly 150 years ago.

The brothers' marker offers meager, but tantalizing, clues:

Francis Hollister, Aged 20 Yrs.

and his brother Frederick

Aged 18 Yrs.

Soldiers of Co. K 14 Reg. C.V.

Died at Falmouth, Va.

Dec. 23, 1862

Questions bounced through my brain as I placed two pennies atop the marker in the brothers' memory.

Did they die together?

Did their parents arrange for the return of their bodies to Connecticut, as many families did for their dead loved ones during the Civil War?

Or are the brothers really buried  near Falmouth, perhaps in unmarked graves, across the Rappahannock River from Civil War-ravaged Fredericksburg?

Who were Francis and Frederick Hollister and why did they die so young?

Cursory research provided stunning results.

George Crosby, the well-regarded lieutenant of the Hollister
brothers' Company K, was mortally wounded at Antietam. Crosby was
from Middle Haddam, a short distance from Chatham, where the
Hollisters lived before the war. (Left photo: Wesleyan University;
right photo: Middlesex County Historical Society.)

The Hollisters were from Chatham, Conn., a small town 25 miles southeast of Hartford known for the manufacturing of bells. The largest of those bell factories, founded by the Bevin brothers,  made sleigh bells, cow bells, ships bells and doorbells in the 19th century and is still in business today.

According to the 1860 U.S. census, a Francis Hollister lived in Portland, Conn., a short distance from Chatham, with the Payne family, Hannah and Alfred, a 72-year-old farmer. Francis' occupation was listed as laborer, perhaps an indication he was employed on Payne's farm. Frederick's name does not appear in the 1860 census.

The brothers enlisted as privates in the Union army in the summer of 1862, Frederick on July 21 and Francis five days later. Each young man was mustered into Company K of the 14th Connecticut on Aug. 20, 1862.

Soon after the 14th Connecticut was organized and trained at Camp Foote in Hartford, it was sent to Washington, where it remained until Sept. 7, when it was assigned to the Second Brigade, Third Division, Second Corps of the Army of the Potomac. Ten days later, the 14th Connecticut saw its first action of the Civil War, at Antietam -- the bloodiest day in American history.

The 14th Connecticut monument at Antietam, near 
William Roulette's  farmhouse. The Hollister brothers saw 
action here on Sept. 17, 1862.

On the William Roulette and Samuel Mumma farms outside Sharpsburg, Md, Frederick and Francis witnessed some of the worst carnage of the Civil War. The 14th Connecticut suffered 20 killed, 98 wounded and 48 missing, mostly in fighting near the infamous Bloody Lane. George Crosby, the well-regarded lieutenant of Company K and perhaps well-acquainted with the Hollisters, was mortally wounded at Antietam and is buried in Union Hill Cemetery, only 25 yards to the right of the brothers' marker.

Although they may have survived Antietam unhurt physically, they undoubtedly lost any illusions that the war would be over soon. And they also lost something else in western Maryland, something mundane, yet critical, to their futures.

A man walks through snow in January 1863  in this sketch  by
Civil War artist Edwin Forbes of a Union army winter camp
in Falmouth, Va. (Library of Congress collection)

After Antietam, the Army of the Potomac marched into northern Virginia, where it camped for several weeks. On Dec. 13, 1862, General Ambrose Burnside insanely ordered an attack on rebels behind a stone wall atop Marye's Heights at Fredericksburg, Va. The 14th Connecticut again paid an awful price, suffering 11 killed, 87 wounded and 22 missing in the attack.

"Every basement and floor is covered with blood," 14th Connecticut lieutenant Samuel Fiske of Company I wrote of the aftermath of Fredericksburg. "Limbs, in many houses, lie in heaps; and surgeons are exhausted with their trying labors." (1)

After the great battle, the Union army went into winter quarters at Falmouth, Va., across the Rappahannock River from Fredericksburg. Although they apparently survived the fight unscathed, life was uncomfortable -- and often miserable -- for the young men from Chatham. At Antietam, each brother lost his blanket and stunningly had yet to secure a replacement.

Often shivering in the cold, Francis and Frederick, both ill, huddled around a campfire to stay warm in late  December in Falmouth, where disease was rampant in Union army.

The end came soon.

Under the heading Military Items on Jan. 20, 1863, the
Hartford Courant reported the cause of the Hollister
brothers' deaths. The newspaper reported the date of their
deaths as Dec. 24, 1862, but the date is a day earlier
on their gravestone.

One paragraph in the regimental history of the 14th Connecticut detailed the brothers' demise.

"A sad incident during the encampment at Falmouth was the death of two brothers, Francis and Frederick J. Hoillister, of Chatham, Company  K., who died within a half an hour of each other and were buried together," the history noted. "They lost their blankets at Antietam and for three months had to sleep out of doors or crouch scantily clad all night long over a smoky camp-fire, from which exposure they died." (2)

The cause of death was typhoid fever. Why the Hollisters could not obtain a blanket is baffling.

The brothers' bodies were returned to Connecticut, where the Hollisters were buried "with appropriate ceremonies" on Sunday, Jan. 11, 1863. (3)

(1) History of the Fourteenth Regiment, Connecticut Volunteer Infantry, Charles Davis, The Horton Printing Company, 1906, Page 88
(2) Ibid, Page 110
(3) Hartford Courant, Jan. 20, 1863, Page 2

Two pennies atop the gravestone for the Hollister brothers in Union Hill Cemetery
in East Hampton, Conn., about 25 miles southeast of Hartford.

Faces of the Civil War: George H. Crosby

George Crosby, a student (left) at Wesleyan University when the Civil War broke out, was
 mortally wounded at Antietam. The 19-year-old was a 2nd lieutenant in the 14th Connecticut.
(Left: Wesleyan Univ. Library Special Collections and Archives.
 Right: Middlesex County Historical Society.)

After he was shot at Antietam, Crosby had surgery in this spring house on William Roulette's farm. 
The image of Crosby appears in the 1865 Wesleyan University album.

A teen-aged soldier's name appears on a beautiful stained-glass window in Wesleyan University's Memorial Chapel, fourth from the top and among the names of 17 other men from the school who died during the Civil War.

Prominently etched in elaborate script in the bottom window panels are these words:

Bottom panels of stained-glass windows 
at the Memorial Chapel at 
Wesleyan University in Middletown, Conn.
 The chapel was dedicated in 1871.

Alumni and Students Who Died for Our Country
1861 1865.

Inside the chapel on this cold Monday morning, an instructor gently admonishes her student choir. And outside a short time later, a young woman, perhaps 20 years old, stands in front of the beautiful brownstone chapel and points out landmarks on the bucolic Middletown, Conn., campus to a group of prospective students.

It's doubtful any of them know the story of another Wesleyan University student, 19-year-old George Heman Crosby, who died nearly 150 years ago and whose name is etched on that Memorial Chapel stained-glass window.

The son of a ship captain from Middle Haddam, Conn., about 20 miles southeast of Hartford, the 2nd lieutenant in the 14th Connecticut Infantry was mortally wounded at the Battle of Antietam on Sept. 17, 1862, barely a month after he enlisted. Thirty-seven days later, he died at home in Middle Haddam, his parents Heman and Mary likely by his side.

Before he joined the fight for his country, Crosby probably was like many of today's Wesleyan students. Full of promise and hope for the future, he enrolled at the university in the fall of 1861. A very good student, one of his former teachers wrote of the "enthusiasm and spirit of perserverance with which he pursued his studies. He was ever anxious to improve." Crosby, who twice was unsuccessful in obtaining an appointment to West Point,  had a keen military mind and joined the Mansfield Guards, a local militia group named after General Joseph Mansfield of Middletown, while he was in college. (1)

The Memorial Chapel at Wesleyan University was completed in 1871 to honor 
Wesleyan students   who died during the Civil War. Right, George Crosby's 
name is etched on a stain-glassed window.

When the Civil War started in April 1861, Crosby was eager to enlist, but friends apparently talked him out of it. Perhaps persuaded by the call of Connecticut governor William Buckingham and President Lincoln for volunteeers in the spring of 1862, Crosby opened recruiting offices in Middle Haddam and Middletown, recruited a company of men and finally joined the fight that summer. "I feel it is my duty to go," he told his mother. (2)

Crosby's image appears in this Class of 1865 
Wesleyan University album.
(Wesleyan University Library Special Collections and Archives)

Despite his age, Crosby had the respect of his comrades, who elected him lieutenant on Aug. 18, 1862. Crosby -- who stood 5-8 and weighed 141 pounds, according to a Wesleyan University document -- undoubtedly earned more admiration when he purchased rations for his men because government supplies were deemed inadequate.

Antietam was the first fight for the 14th Connecticut, but unlike the  16th Connecticut, the regiment fought well. As the 14th Connecticut closed in on the Sunken Road bordering the William Roulette farm, Crosby was struck by a bullet that sliced into his side, just missing his spine, and through his lungs.

"From the beginning of the battle till he received his death wound, he fought nobly, encouraging his men and leading them on," the Middletown Constitution reported on Oct. 29, 1862. "And for a half hour after he was wounded, while he lay helpless on the ground, without regarding his own condition, he kept constantly exhorting his comrades to do their duty."

After he was severely wounded, Crosby endured 
surgery in this spring house 
on William Roulette's farm.

Crosby was eventually carried to William Roulette's springhouse, where doctors performed what surgery they could under extremely difficult battlefield conditions. (3) The severely wounded young soldier was sent back home, arriving by boat on Saturday, Oct. 4. Tended to by Dr. A.B. Worthington of Middle Haddam, Crosby was a "great but a very patient sufferer." (4)

His health failing, Crosby died on Oct. 22.  Two days later, in a service at Middle Haddam's Episcopal church described as "one of the largest funerals ever attended in that place," Crosby was eulogized. His classmates from the Wesleyan Class of 1865 attended, as well as the president of Wesleyan University, faculty and the Mansfield Guard. Crosby's coffin then was borne a short distance up the road, to Union Hill Cemetery, where he was buried.

Today, the teenager from the small town along the Connecticut River rests near a cracked, brownstone memorial marker; his parents are buried in the same plot.

A funeral service for Crosby was held at this
Episcopal church in Middle Haddam, Conn.

In a lengthy article published in the weekly Middletown Constitution a week after Crosby's death, he was lauded as "generous, brave and ardent, and wholly devoted to the national cause."

"We believe no nobler spirit fell that day than he," the paper reported of his wounding at Antietam. "...he had every requisite for rising to a high and responsible place in the public service. But his career was short. From the halls of college to the field of battle was but a single step, and his young life was laid on the altar of his country." (5)

Two years after Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox, a campaign was started to build a memorial for Wesleyan undergraduates and alumni who died during the Civil War. In 1871, a memorial chapel was finally completed and dedicated. Thirty-one men from the school perished during the war, including one (Milton Butterfield) who served for the Confederacy. (6)

(1) Memorial of Deceased Officers of the Fourteenth Regiment, Connecticut Volunteers, Henry P.Goddard, 1872, Pages 9-10

(2) Ibid, Page 10

(3) Souvenir of of the 14th C.V. Excusion to  Battlefields and Reunion at Antietam 1891, Chaplain H.S. Stevens, 1893, Page 66

(4) Memorial of Deceased Officers of the Fourteenth Regiment, Connecticut Volunteers

(5) Middletown Constitution, Oct. 29. 1862

(6) Roster of Wesleyan University's Civil War Participants, Lesley Gordon, 1988 (unpublished report)

Cracked down the left side, the brownstone memorial marker for Crosby is in Union Hill Cemetery
in East Hampton, Conn. Crosby is probably buried under the nearby marker at right.

A Grand Army of the Republic marker and a tattered flag by Crosby;s marker.