2. Ibid., p. 234; Kent Masterson Brown, Retreat From Gettysburg: Lee, Logistics, & the Pennsylvania Campaign (Chapel Hill : The University of North Carolina Press, 2005), p. 318 ; Capt. Eugene Arus Nash, A History of the Forty-Fourth Regiment, New York Volunteer Infantry in the Civil War 1861-1865 (Chicago : R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company, 1910) ; reprint (Dayton, Ohio : Morningside Bookshop, 1988), p. 160.
The Clem brothers have been searching for Civil War relics with metal detectors for more than 30 years. Today, Jones’ Crossroads is called “Lappan’s Crossroads.” To give a more precise location of Lappan’s Crossroads, it’s the intersection where Lappan’s Road (Maryland Route 68) crosses over the Sharpsburg Pike (Maryland Route 65), five miles south of Hagerstown.
3. The author has kept a record of Civil War relics for each day’s finds with a metal detector dating to 1982. Entry for Nov. 28, 1986, states: “Searched near Lappan’s X Roads – 28 Bullets + 4 Buttons + silver badge inscribed Sergt. C. H. Willett – Co. E – 44th N.Y.S.VOLS.” Willett’s story can be read in the Gettysburg Magazine, Issue Number Forty Two, pp. 47-52. (Also, see here on my blog.)
4. Stanley S. Phillips, Bullets Used In The Civil War – 1961-1865 (Lanham, Maryland, 1971), pp. 1-4, Phillips published some of his own material; The week before Willett’s badge was found, the Clem journal read: “Searched near Lappan’s X Roads – Don dug 63 bullets + carved bullet w/ letters H / W.L.G. / 114 P.V.” The silver badge (44th NY, 5th Corps) and engraved bullet were dug within 50 feet of each other. The 114th Pennsylvania Volunteers were attached to III Corps at Gettysburg – giving evidence units of both V and III Corps (Army of the Potomac) were camped at Lappan’s Crossroads following the bloody engagement in Pennsylvania.
5. Howard R. Crouch, Civil War Artifacts: A Guide for the Historian (Fairfax, Virginia : SCS Publications, 1995), p. 109; Toby Law, Gone Diggin : Memoirs of a Civil War Relic Hunter (Orange, Virginia : Publisher’s Press, Inc., 2002), p. 58; The standard “minie ball” was not a round ball, but rather an elongated bullet. There were over 300 variants of bullets used during the Civil War.
6. During a closer examination, the letters “C-o-l-l-i” were discovered on the side of the bullet. Apparently, the carver intended to cut “Collis Zouaves” on the side of the projectile, but for some reason changed his mind and decided to carve “Zouave D’Afrique” on the bottom of the base.
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| 114th Pennsylvania monument at Gettysburg. |
8. Ibid., p. 1184; James I. Robertson Jr., Stonewall Jackson: The Man, The Soldier, The Legend (New York : Macmillan Publishing, USA, 1997), p. 313; James V. Murfin, The Gleam of Bayonets: The Battle of Antietam and Robert E. Lee’s Maryland Campaign – September 1862 (New York : A. S. Barnes and Company, Inc., 1965), p. 357; Hagerty, Collis’ Zouaves, pp. 57-58; At Antietam there were no officers present with the Zouaves D’Afrique. The “Red Pants” were attached to the 2nd Massachusetts Infantry, XII Corps, Army of the Potomac. Those who were sent back to Philadelphia to help Collis recruit a full regiment of Zouaves were, Capt. E. R. Bowen, 1st Lieut. C. B. Sloan and 2nd Lieut. G. J. Schwartz.
9. Stanley S. Phillips, Excavated Artifacts from Battlefields and Campsites of the Civil War 1861-1865 (Ann Arbor, Michigan : LithoCrafters, Inc., 1974), pp. 192-196; Charles H. Harris, Civil War Relics of the Western Campaigns 1861-1865 (Mechanicsville, Virginia : Rapidan Press, 1987), pp. 210-211, 222; Crouch, Civil War Artifacts, p. 109.
10. Bates, History of Pennsylvania Volunteers, Vol. 3, p. 1203; History of Pennsylvania Vols. was originally published in 1870, in Harrisburg, Pa., but due to its size and weight, in 1993, Broadfoot Publishing Co., Wilmington, NC, reproduced “Bates History” into several volumes, making it more practical for research purposes.
11. William L. Garner, military service records, National Archives, Washington, D.C.; Card Files of Pennsylvania State Archives; 1900 United States Federal Census.
12. Ibid., Vol. 6, p. 1184; OR, Vol. 27, pt 1, p. 159; Pfanz, Gettysburg : The Second Day, p. 447; Robert U. Johnson and Clarence C. Buel, Retreat From Gettysburg : Battles and Leaders of the Civil War – Vol. III (New York : Thomas Yoseloff, Inc., 1956), p. 435; Hagerty, Collis’ Zouaves, p. 57.
13. Ibid., p. 130; Rev. Theodore Gerrish, The Blue and Gray (Portland, Maine : Hoyt, Fogg & Donham, 1883), p. 206; John Macdonald, Great Battles of the Civil War (New York : Macmillan Publishing Company, 1945), pp. 68-79; John R. Elting, Echoes of Glory : Illustrated Atlas of the Civil War (Alexandria, Virginia : Time-Life Books, 1991), pp. 92-93; Medal of Honor Citations : U.S. Army Center of Military History; Bates, History of Pennsylvania Volunteers, p. 185; On March 10, 1893, Collis was awarded the Medal of Honor for action at Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, 1862. His citation reads: “Gallantly led his regiment in a battle at a critical moment.”
14. Bates, History of Pennsylvania Volunteers, pp. 1185-1186; Garner military service records; Elting, Echoes of Glory, pp. 100-106; Robertson, Stonewall Jackson, pp. 716-717, 722; Johnson and Buel, Retreat From Gettysburg, pp. 210-214; In the post-war period, Brevet Major General Charles H. T. Collis devoted much time in developing a national park at Gettysburg. Moving there around 1900, he built a fine red brick, Victorian manor on Seminary Ridge just south of Fairfield Road. In honor of his men who served during the war under the red diamond insignia of the III Corps, Collis named the new home “Red Patch.” The house today is a private residence.
15. Pfanz, Gettysburg: The Second Day, pp. 10-12; Randolph H. McKim, A Soldier’s Recollections (New York : Longmans, Green, and Co., 1910), p. 168; Johnson and Buel, Retreat From Gettysburg, pp. 210-214; Clark, Gettysburg : The Confederate High Tide, pp. 10-12.
16. Ibid., pp. 74-75; Bates, History of Pennsylvania Volunteers, p. 1186; Johnson and Buel, Retreat From Gettysburg, pp. 294-295; William A. Frassanito, Gettysburg: A Journey In Time (New York : Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1975), p. 54.
17. Pfanz, Gettysburg: The Second Day, pp. 94-95, 447; Mike O’Donnell, Gettysburg Battlefield : Relics & Souvenirs (Alexandria, Virginia : O’Donnell Publications, 2009), p. 74; Files Gettysburg National Military Park; Clark, Gettysburg : The Confederate High Tide, pp. 77-78; Gerrish, The Blue And the Gray, pp. 380-381; Frassanito, Gettysburg: A Journey In Time, p. 154; The following regiments also supported Graham’s Brigade on July 2nd : 3rd Maine, 2nd New Hampshire, 7th and 8th New Jersey.
18. Johnson and Buel, Retreat From Gettysburg, pp. 306-307, 322; OR, Vol. 27, pt 1, pp. 502-504; John Macdonald, Great Battles of the Civil War, p. 108; Clark, The Confederate High Tide, p. 98.
19. Ibid., pp. 101-102; Hagerty, Collis’ Zouaves, p. 241; Gettysburg National Military Park Virtual Tour Stop # 13 – Peach Orchard; William Barksdale : Wikipedia the free encyclopedia; File : Gettysburg Day 2 Peach Orchard 1. png; Pfanz, Gettysburg: The Second Day, p. 457; Garner’s Federal military file states he was “present” at Gettysburg and would have faced the fury of Barksdale’s Charge.
20. OR, Vol. 27, pt 1, p. 504; Barksdale : Wikipedia the free encyclopedia; Hagerty, Collis’ Zouaves, p. 241.
21. Ibid.; Clark, Gettysburg: The Confederate High Tide, pp. 101-102; Pfanz, Gettysburg : The Second Day, pp. 332-333; OR, Vol. 27, pt 1, p. 503; https://diographics.com/Portfolio-Wheatfield.html; William Youngblood, Southern Historical Society Papers, Vol. 38, pp. 312-318; Two of the advanced Union batteries along Emmitsburg Road were commanded by Lieut. John Bucklyn while the other two were under Capt. James Thompson.
22. OR, Vol. 27, pt 1, p. 503; Pfanz, Gettysburg: The Second Day, p. 330; Gettysburg National Military Park Virtual Tour Stop # 13 – Peach Orchard; Hagerty, Collis’ Zouaves, p. 264; Clark, Gettysburg: The Confederate High Tide, p. 264.
23. Ibid., p. 108; Medal of Honor: U.S. Army Center of Military History; Gregory A. Coco, A Vast Sea of Misery (Gettysburg : Thomas Publications, 1988), p. 64; Barksdale : Wikipedia the free encyclopedia; Gregory A. Coco, Wasted Valor (Gettysburg: Thomas Publications, 1990), pp. 146-147; Following the war, surgeon Dr. Alfred Hamilton, 148th Pennsylvania Infantry wrote: “I established my temporary hospital at the house of Jacob Hummelbaugh . . . I attended General Barksdale of Mississippi. He was shot through the left breast from behind and left leg was broken by two missiles.”; On October 30, 1897, Gen. Dan Sickles received the Medal of Honor for his action on July 2, 1863, at Gettysburg. The citation reads: “Displayed most conspicuous gallantry on the field vigorously contesting the advance of the enemy and continuing to encourage his troops after being himself severely wounded.”
24. Gregory A. Coco, A Strange and Blighted Land, Gettysburg: The Aftermath of A Battle (Gettysburg : Thomas Publications, 1995), p. 50; Hagerty, Collis’ Zouaves, p. 246; It is believed Confederate artillery set Joseph Sherfy’s barn on fire.
25. Ibid., p. 245; Coco, A Strange and Blighted Land, p. 66; Twenty-three years following the battle at Gettysburg – July 2, 1886 – a monument was dedicated in honor of the 114th Pennsylvania Volunteers in the front yard of the Joseph Sherfy farmhouse along the west side of the Emmitsburg Road. Standing on top of the structure is a member of Collis’ Zouaves loading his musket. The fine detailed replica is a fitting tribute to William L. Garner and members of the 114th Pennsylvania who desperately struggled here while giving their “last full measure of devotion.” Charles H. T. Collis died May 11, 1902, in a hospital near Philadelphia. Collis’ last request was to be buried with his comrades in the Soldier’s National Cemetery at Gettysburg. On May 12, 1906, surviving members of the 114th Pennsylvania Volunteers Association erected a beautiful monument in the National Cemetery at Gettysburg in honor of their greatly respected leader. Being disabled, Charles Collis was not with his men at Gettysburg. But now he will rest with them throughout eternity. Collis’ grave is a few yards in front of his monument along with several members of the 114th Pennsylvania Infantry. These finest noble sons of Pennsylvania are listed simply: “Unknown Zouaves burned in destruction of Sherfy’s barn.”
26. Gettysburg National Military Park Virtual Tour Stop # 13 – Peach Orchard; Files of Friends of Gettysburg; 1860 Federal U.S. Census, Adams County, Pa.; In 2008, the National Park Service replanted Sherfy’s orchards and is maintained as a battlefield site; The remains of Collis’ Zouaves were removed from the ash-laden ruins of Sherfy’s barn and interred in the Soldier’s National Cemetery at Gettysburg. The one shred of evidence to separate the burnt bodies of the 114th Pennsylvania from the rest of Graham’s Brigade would be the charred remnants of their “red baggy pants.”
27. W. P. Conrade and Ted Alexander, When War Passed This Way (Shippensburg, Pa. : Beidel Printing House, Inc., 1982), pp. 190, 203; Brown, Retreat From Gettysburg, p. 338; The 114th Pennsylvania had one of the largest military bands in the Army of the Potomac. In the area where Garner’s ID’d bullet was found, several brass parts from musical instruments were also dug. These artifacts would indicate the 114th Pennsylvania Volunteer’s band was present at the Jones’ Crossroads encampment. Several of Lee’s entrenchment lines of July 1863, (Gettysburg Retreat) are still visible today in some wooded areas of Washington County.
28. Garner, military records; Hagerty, Collis’ Zouaves, pp. 266, 271, 273; Bates, History of Pennsylvania Volunteers, p. 1186.
29. Ibid., p. 1187; Hagerty, Collis’ Zouaves, pp. 306, 311-312; Garner, pension records; April 24, 1965, 15 days after Lee’s surrender at Appomattox, the 114th Pennsylvania Infantry was assigned to the 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, V Army Corps, Army of the Potomac. After the fall of Petersburg, Colonel Collis having been promoted to Brevet Brigadier-General, received for his gallantry here, the rank of Brevet Major-General. On the same day Garner was wounded (April 2, 1865), Confederate Major General A.P. Hill was killed near Petersburg.
30. As of this posting, the name of Garner’s wife, her exact date of death and place of burial remain unknown. In her 1906 letter requesting a pension for her father’s military service, Ida mentioned "my mother died when I was 9 years old.” Ida being born in 1859, that would place her mother’s death in 1868, nine years later.
31. 1900 Federal U.S. Census; 1900 Census, Litchfield County, Connecticut, roll : T623-140, Page : 11B, Enumeration District 256; Garner, pension records; Applying for pension in 1906, Ida states she was “alone in This World.” However, a 1900 census lists her as having six children: “Lizzie – 17, Francis – 14, Charlie – 12, Nellie – 10, Emma – 3, George – 1.” It seems Ida may have been stretching the truth in order to qualify for a military pension.
32. William H. Klinck died in Bridgeport, Conn., October 28, 1912. He was 64. An obituary published in Torrington Register states William Klinck was born in Brooklyn, N. Y. This would explain why Ida was living in Brooklyn in 1888 when she first applied for a pension. In all probability, she had moved from Philadelphia to New York to be near her father in Belleme Hospital when she met her future husband. The name “Ida Garner Klinck” disappears from Torrington city directories after 1918, and no death record exists for her in Torrington Vital Statistics. However, genealogy records reveal Ida Garner Klinck died at 93 on April 21, 1952. Her residence at the time and place of burial remains unknown.
33. Garner, military records; In 1907, the State of Pennsylvania appropriated $150,000 to erect a suitable memorial to honor her native soldiers who participated in the Battle of Gettysburg. The beautiful 110-foot structure was dedicated Sept. 27, 1910. The base of the largest monument on the Gettysburg Battlefield is surfaced with heavy metal tablets listing regiments, batteries, individual names, etc., of over 34,000 Pennsylvania soldiers. One plaque on the northeast corner representing the 114th Pennsylvania Infantry, Company H, displays in bronze the name “William Garner.”
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